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Coastal gardens invite a more relaxed, resilient approach, where shelter, hardy planting and a sense of ease all play a role.
Landscape designer Phillip Withers shares his tips on how to embrace the wildness and weather the conditions.
What sets coastal gardens apart?
Gardens by the coast are shaped by a uniquely dynamic environment that engages all the senses… and a lot more wind. Views, aspect and topography play a strong role, but it’s the coastal conditions — wind, salt-laden air, shifting light and the sounds and scent of the ocean that truly define them. These landscapes change quickly through the seasons, creating gardens that feel dramatic and constantly evolving.
What are the challenges of planting a coastal garden?
Coastal planting is shaped by a set of conditions that are inherently demanding, making a strong understanding of site and horticulture essential.
SAND
The first thing to get right is the soil. Many coastal sites have sandy, free-draining soil that struggles to retain moisture and nutrients. Thorough soil preparation is critical — incorporating organic matter and applying generous mulch to improve water retention, support soil health and suppress weeds.
WIND
Persistent coastal winds can dry out foliage, stunt growth and place stress on young plants. Thoughtful planning and zoning is required to establish layered planting that provides shelter, with wind-tolerant plants acting as the bodyguards for more delicate varieties as the garden settles in and builds its own microclimate.
SALT
Salt-laden air influences plant selection. Choosing plants suited to coastal conditions is fundamental to creating gardens that are both robust and long lasting.
What plants work best in this environment?
A great starting point is to observe the plants naturally occurring in the surrounding landscape, which will vary depending on the location of the coast. Succulents are excellent for adding structure and form, while grasses provide movement and softness as they sway in the breeze. Many species from Western Australia are particularly well adapted to sandy soils and harsh coastal conditions, making them reliable choices. Mediterranean plants, as well as some exotics such as olive trees, can be introduced to create contrast and interest.
What do coastal gardens bring to a home?
Beyond the ecological benefits, coastal gardens offer strong biophilic and sensory rewards. The sounds, scents, and expansive views of the coast create a profound sense of wellbeing and escapism, making these gardens not just visually striking, but places that restore and inspire.
Do coastal gardens need more or less water than an ‘average’ garden?
When designed thoughtfully, coastal gardens can be remarkably water-efficient. Like any garden, however, they still require regular watering during establishment and in extended hot spells. With careful soil preparation and the right selection of species — such as grasses, succulents, and hardy shrubs — these gardens often become drought-tolerant once established. By using native and well-adapted plants, coastal landscapes can thrive with minimal irrigation, creating resilient, sustainable and lush gardens.
What’s important to keep in mind when designing a coastal garden?
Balancing soft and hardscape is critical. Coastal conditions can be harsh, so spending time in the space to understand wind, sun, shade and views will ensure the garden works with the natural elements rather than against them. Thoughtful placement of paths, seating and structures creates zones that are functional and enjoyable, connecting indoors and outdoors so the garden can be appreciated in every season.
Phillip’s Coastal Planting Tips
1. Consider zoning + maintenance
Start by deciding how much garden is appropriate for your property, taking into account the surrounding landscape, the intended use of the space and ongoing maintenance — especially if the home isn’t a primary residence. Thoughtful planning at this stage sets the foundation for a garden that works with the site and the lifestyle of its users.
2. Know your local environment
Spend time in nearby heathlands, reserves, and coastal landscapes to understand the local ecology. By observing native flora and fauna you can gain insight into what naturally thrives, inspiring plant selection and design/layout choices.
3. Plan for the full seasonal lifecycle
Consider how the garden will look throughout the year. Combine dormant or subtler species with flowering and more active plants to ensure year-round interest, texture and vitality.
An edited version of this story originally appeared in The Design Files Magazine Issue 04. Subscribe to the biannual print magazine here.
